Distinctive traits of Vietnamese and Thai food and Cooking
The food of mainland South East Asian countries: Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam are amazingly similar, with only minor variations. This is no wonder, as they all are located at more or less the same longitude and latitude in respect of the equator. The same historical fate, migration and geographical location has brought so much similar food.
South East Asian Flavors: the Five tastes.
SE Asian food is never boring. It is fresh and explosive.
Different with the Western cuisine where there are mostly two tastes, salty and sweet. Vietnamese and Thai foods typically have 5 tastes: salty, sweet, sour, bitter and pungent (hot chilies), that mostly derive from plants and herbs. Occasionally there is also the sixth taste: the Astringent taste. This taste derives from young unripe vegetables or fruits such young persimmons or green bananas.
Any cuisine in the world has three components: The taste of the main ingredients, the texture of these ingredients and the seasoning of them. While the main ingredients remain quite the same for many cuisines: meat, fish, pasta, vegetables, the seasoning differentiates largely between SE Asian Food and the others. Generally, most of cuisines of the world employ 2 or 3 ingredients for seasoning and flavoring, for example: Emeril Lagasse calls the European food seasoning Trinity: Garlic, onion, and celery; the South American cuisine has also three: garlic, onion and bell pepper...sometimes there are five if you add bay leaf or dill and coriander...
Thai and Vietnamese food have a bewildering range of spices and ingredients, moreover, the ingredients employed are mostly strong and fiery like ginger, galangal, garlic, lemon grass, fish sauce and shrimp sauce. Sometimes there could be 15 to 20 ingredients in a dish. Yet, when combined artfully, these ingredients, together in harmony, will result in a fresh and explosive dish. That is the main characteristic of Vietnamese and Thai food.